Boxwood is a versatile and popular evergreen shrub used in a variety of landscape designs, from topiaries and hedges to borders and containers. With its compact growth habit and ability to be pruned into various shapes, boxwood has become a staple in many gardens. However, to keep boxwood looking its best and thriving, it requires proper care. In this article, we will delve into 12 secrets for easy care of boxwood, covering aspects from planting and pruning to pest management and propagation.
Understanding Boxwood Basics
Before diving into the care secrets, it’s essential to understand some basic characteristics of boxwood. Boxwood prefers well-draining soil and partial shade to full sun, depending on the variety. It is relatively drought-tolerant once established but performs best with consistent moisture. Boxwood is also susceptible to several pests and diseases, which can be managed with proper care and maintenance. Regular inspection of the plants for signs of stress, pests, or diseases is crucial for early intervention.
The choice of boxwood variety is also important, as different types have varying growth rates, sizes, and tolerance to heat, cold, or drought. For example, English boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) is a popular choice for hedges and topiaries, while American boxwood (Buxus sempervirens ‘Arborescens’) is known for its larger size and faster growth rate. Understanding the specific needs of your boxwood variety will help in providing the best care.
Planting Boxwood
Planting is the first step in boxwood care, and doing it correctly sets the stage for healthy growth. Boxwood prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. If your soil is heavy clay, sandy, or prone to waterlogging, consider amending it with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure. Plant boxwood in the spring or fall, avoiding the hottest summer months and the coldest winter months. Dig a hole twice as wide and just as deep as the root ball, and gently place the boxwood in the hole, backfilling with soil and watering thoroughly.
Spacing is also critical, especially if you’re planting multiple boxwoods for a hedge. The general rule is to plant them close enough so that they touch when mature but not so close that air circulation is compromised, which can lead to disease. For most varieties, this means spacing them about 12 to 18 inches apart.
| Boxwood Variety | Growth Rate | Mature Size |
|---|---|---|
| English Boxwood | Slow | 3-6 feet |
| American Boxwood | Medium | 6-10 feet |
| Japanese Boxwood | Slow | 3-6 feet |
Pruning and Training
Pruning is one of the most critical aspects of boxwood care, as it not only maintains shape and size but also promotes healthy growth. Prune boxwood in the spring, after the last frost, and again in late summer. Use sharp, clean pruning tools to prevent spreading diseases. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches, and then shape the plant as desired. For topiaries and intricate designs, use wire frames to guide the growth of the boxwood and achieve the desired shape.
Training young boxwoods is also important. Start by pruning the tip of the main stem to encourage branching. As the plant grows, continue to prune it regularly to maintain its shape and promote a dense, bushy habit. For hedges, prune the boxwood when it reaches about half the desired height to encourage lateral growth and a fuller shape.
Pest and Disease Management
Boxwood is susceptible to several pests and diseases, including boxwood blight, root rot, spider mites, and boxwood psyllid. Regular monitoring of the plants is key to early detection and treatment. Use organic or chemical controls as needed, and always follow the product’s instructions. Preventative measures such as providing good air circulation, watering carefully to avoid root rot, and fertilizing annually can also help reduce the risk of pests and diseases.
For boxwood blight, a fungal disease characterized by black spots on the leaves and stems, remove infected areas, improve air circulation, and treat with a fungicide if necessary. Quarantine new plants before introducing them to your garden to prevent the introduction of pests or diseases.
How often should I water my boxwood?
+Water your boxwood when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. During hot, dry weather, you may need to water more frequently, while during cool, wet weather, you may need to water less often.
Can I grow boxwood in containers?
+In conclusion, caring for boxwood requires attention to its specific needs, from planting and pruning to pest and disease management. By following these 12 secrets for easy care, you can enjoy healthy, thriving boxwood plants that add beauty and structure to your landscape. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, understanding the nuances of boxwood care will help you create stunning hedges, topiaries, and borders that enhance your outdoor space.
